See cringe on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringe comedy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringe culture"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringefest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringeful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringelord"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringemaking"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringe-making"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Britain",
"colloquial"
],
"word": "cringe-makingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringeometer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringe-o-meter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringesome"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringetastic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringeworthy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "cringing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringingness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cultural cringe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "do not kill the part of you that is cringe, kill the part of you that cringes"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1900",
"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 1900",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "From <span class=\"cited-source\">Charles Reade (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1861), chapter XXXIII, in <cite>The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages</cite>, illustrated library edition, volume II (The Autobiography of a Thief), Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Colonial Press Company, published c. 1900, <small>→OCLC</small>, illustration between pages 312 and 313</span></span>.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grenǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crengen",
"t": "to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crenche, crenchen, crenge, *crinchen, crinken",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*crenġan"
},
"expansion": "Old English *crenġan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krangijaną",
"t": "to cause to fall; to cause to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "causative"
},
"expansion": "causative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kringaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kringaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cringan",
"3": "crin(c)gan",
"t": "to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish"
},
"expansion": "Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grenǵʰ-",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "strong verb"
},
"expansion": "strong verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krænge",
"t": "to turn inside out, evert"
},
"expansion": "Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "krengen",
"t": "to careen, veer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kring",
"t": "circle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kring (“circle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crenge"
},
"expansion": "Scots crenge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kränga",
"t": "to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kringe",
"t": "to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crinkle",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of crinkle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”) [and other forms], from Old English *crenġan, *crenċġan, *crenċan (“to cause to fall or turn”) from Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”), causative of Proto-Germanic *kringaną, *krinkaną (“to fall; to turn; to yield”) (> Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)), from Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)). The causative suffix is from *-janą (suffix forming causatives with the sense ‘to cause to do (the action of the verb)’ from strong verbs). The English word is cognate with Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”), Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”) and Dutch kring (“circle”), Scots crenge, creenge, creinge, crienge (“to cringe; to shrug”), Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”), and West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”); and is a doublet of crinkle.\nThe noun and adjective are derived from the verb via zero derivation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cringing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringedst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cringeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cringing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crinch",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cringe (third-person singular simple present cringes, present participle cringing, simple past and past participle cringed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cringe"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crouch"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wince"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 16 16 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 14 17 21 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 15 16 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 14 17 20 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
10
]
],
"text": "He cringed as the bird collided with the window.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
100,
106
]
],
"ref": "1684, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress. From This World to That which is to Come: The Second Part. […], London: […] Nathaniel Ponder […], →OCLC; reprinted in The Pilgrim’s Progress as Originally Published by John Bunyan: Being a Fac-simile Reproduction of the First Edition, London: Elliot Stock […], 1875, →OCLC, page 69:",
"text": "[W]hen they were come up to the place where the Lions were, the Boys that went before, were glad to cringe behind, for they were afraid of the Lions, ſo they ſtept back and went behind.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
162,
169
]
],
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “A Bosom Friend”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 55:",
"text": "And besides all this, there was a certain lofty bearing about the Pagan, which even his uncouthness could not altogether maim. He looked like a man who had never cringed and never had had a creditor.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
117,
125
],
[
141,
149
]
],
"ref": "1860, [John B. Newman], “The Combat”, in Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC, page 28:",
"text": "Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
59,
65
]
],
"ref": "1917 April, Jack London, chapter VIII, in Jerry of the Islands, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 115:",
"text": "But he [Jerry, a dog] made no whimper. Nor did he wince or cringe to the blows. He bored straight in, striving, without avoiding a blow, to beat and meet the blow with his teeth.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
101,
108
]
],
"ref": "2017 March 28, Owen Jones, “The bigots are on the march – and with 'Legs-it' the Daily Mail bears the flag”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 01 Dec 2022:",
"text": "Perhaps the Daily Mail should be sued for damaging people's health? Across the nation, millions have cringed so hard at its audaciously sexist front page that they've strained their face muscles, or given themselves a migraine from slamming their heads repeatedly against the nearest wall.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cower, flinch, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-verb-4QFTp8mt",
"links": [
[
"cower",
"cower"
],
[
"flinch",
"flinch#Verb"
],
[
"recoil",
"recoil#Verb"
],
[
"shrink",
"shrink"
],
[
"tense",
"tense"
],
[
"disgust",
"disgust#Noun"
],
[
"embarrassment",
"embarrassment"
],
[
"fear",
"fear#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To cower, flinch, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "svivam se",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "свивам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wèisuō",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "畏縮 /畏缩"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "schoulit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "ineenkrimpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "kavahtaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "säpsähtää"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "grincer des dents"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "engoumar"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "zusammenzucken"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "megrezzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "megriad"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "visszahőköl"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "megborzong"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "beleborzong"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "hrylla við"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "fá kjánahroll"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "cúb"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "raggomitolarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "rannicchiarsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "raggricciare"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "ringis"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "hūiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "maopo"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "whakamaoko"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "whakaririka"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "encolher-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otprjánutʹ",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отпря́нуть"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sodrognútʹsja",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "содрогну́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sʺjóživatʹsja",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "съёживаться"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sʺjóžitʹsja",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "съёжиться"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "jóžitʹsja",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ёжиться"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "affruntàrisi"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "ncunucchiàrisi"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "rycka till"
},
{
"_dis1": "72 21 2 2 2 2",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "pusmak",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "پوصمق"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "17 16 16 16 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 17 14 17 21 15",
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"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
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"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "23 17 12 15 21 12",
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},
{
"_dis": "17 16 15 16 19 16",
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"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 27 9 19 21 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "22 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "16 18 14 17 20 15",
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],
"examples": [
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"ref": "2014 January 29, Matt Peckham, “8 Minutes of Ridiculously Beautiful The Elder Scrolls Online Cinematic Footage”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 16 Aug 2022:",
"text": "I'm cringing watching this easily Blizzard- or Square Enix-worthy new trailer for Bethesda's The Elder Scrolls Online. Not because it's bad — it's a deftly rendered slice of CGI. But it must have cost a fortune. It makes me want to say \"Spend the money on knocking the game out of the park, please, not the frippery, Bethesda.\" But oh what frippery.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear; (by extension) to feel very embarrassed."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-verb-G~GDdIrQ",
"links": [
[
"experience",
"experience#Verb"
],
[
"inward",
"inward"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#Noun"
],
[
"feel",
"feel#Verb"
],
[
"embarrassed",
"embarrassed#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) To experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear; (by extension) to feel very embarrassed."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "əti tökülmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sramuvam se",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"hypernym",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "срамувам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sramja se",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"hypernym",
"perfective"
],
"word": "срамя се"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "krindžvam",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "кринджвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "ŝrumpaĵo"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "gêner"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "szégyenkezik"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "elfogja a szégyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "feszeng"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "kínosan érzi magát"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "zavarba jön"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "zavarban van"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "fá kjánahroll"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "ribrezzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sʺjóživatʹsja",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "съёживаться"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sʺjóžitʹsja",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "съёжиться"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 79 0 1 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"note": "darse cringe/alipori/grima/“vergüenza ajena”",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 16 16 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 14 17 21 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 15 16 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 14 17 20 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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197,
203
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],
"ref": "1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15, page 113:",
"text": "[I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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103,
110
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"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 958–961:",
"text": "And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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45,
53
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],
"ref": "1846, Thomas Cooper, “To the Countess of Blessington”, in The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme, London: Jeremiah How, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Lady, receive a tributary lay / From one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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],
"ref": "1891, Edgar Fawcett, “How a Queen Loved”, in Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems), New York, N.Y.; Toronto, Ont.: Funk & Wagnalls, →OCLC, stanza I, page 155:",
"text": "Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
88,
94
]
],
"ref": "1902, Jack London, “Bâtard”, in The Faith of Men and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., published September 1904, →OCLC, page 207:",
"text": "Leclère was bent on the coming of the day when Bâtard [a dog] should wilt in spirit and cringe and whimper at his feet.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
63
]
],
"ref": "1903 April 18, W[illiam] E[dward] Burghardt Du Bois, “Of Alexander Crummell”, in The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., →OCLC, page 219:",
"text": "He heard the hateful clank of their chains; he felt them cringe and grovel, and there rose within him a protest and a prophecy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bow or crouch in servility."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-verb-aj-uY3zr",
"links": [
[
"bow",
"bow#Verb"
],
[
"crouch",
"crouch#Verb"
],
[
"servility",
"servility"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To bow or crouch in servility."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 0 75 2 1 20",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to bow or crouch in servility",
"word": "összekuporodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 75 2 1 20",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to bow or crouch in servility",
"word": "kuporog"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 75 2 1 20",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to bow or crouch in servility",
"word": "lapul"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 0 75 2 1 20",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to bow or crouch in servility",
"word": "kushad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "17 16 16 16 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 14 17 21 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 15 16 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 14 17 20 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
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],
"ref": "1782, John Brown, “The Christian Journal of a Summer-day”, in The Christian Journal; or, Common Incidents, Spiritual Instructors. […], 4th edition, Edinburgh: […] Gavin Alston; [s]old by William Coke, […], →OCLC, page 119:",
"text": "Here the beggar accoſts me; had I appeared as himſelf, he had aſked nothing: but now he uncovers, he cringeth, he cries for relief.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
100,
106
]
],
"ref": "1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XI, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 105:",
"text": "Their [the clergy's] chief business, during a quarter of a century, had been to teach the people to cringe and the prince to domineer.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
185,
193
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],
"ref": "1880 June 23, Richard F[rancis] Burton, “The Ethnology of Modern Midian”, in Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, volume XII (Second Series), London: John Murray, […]; Trübner and Co., […], published 1882, →OCLC, part I (Notices of the Tribes of Midian, …), page 286:",
"text": "Even to the present day the Arabs consider treating a Hutaymi as unmanly as to strike a woman. When a Felláh says to another, \"Tat'hattim\" (= Tat'maskin, or Tat'zallí), he means, \"Thou cringest, thou makest thyself contemptible (as a Hutaymi).\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To act in an obsequious or servile manner."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-verb-SU0wNQUQ",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Verb"
],
[
"obsequious",
"obsequious"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) To act in an obsequious or servile manner."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 84 1 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "rabolepniča",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "раболепнича"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 84 1 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "megalázkodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 84 1 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "hajlong"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 84 1 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "hajbókol"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 84 1 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "meghunyászkodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 84 1 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "csúszik-mászik"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 16 16 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 14 17 21 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 13 16 26 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 15 16 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 14 17 20 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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44,
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"ref": "1599, [Thomas] Nashe, Nashes Lenten Stuffe, […], London: […] [Thomas Judson and Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and C[uthbert] B[urby] […], →OCLC, page 10:",
"text": "[H]ow thriue you, howe periſh you, and they cringing in their neckes, like rattes, ſmothered in the holde, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
56
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],
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene xiii], page 357, column 2:",
"text": "Whip him Fellowes, / Till like a Boy you ſee him crindge his face, / And whine aloud for mercy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To draw (a body part) close to the body; also, to distort or wrinkle (the face, etc.)."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-verb-vl4W6oNM",
"links": [
[
"draw",
"draw#Verb"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"close",
"close#Adjective"
],
[
"distort",
"distort"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle#Verb"
],
[
"face",
"face#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To draw (a body part) close to the body; also, to distort or wrinkle (the face, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 24 11 13 16 14",
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"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 15 16 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Māori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 12 15 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 14 17 20 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bow or crouch to (someone) in servility; to escort (someone) in a cringing manner."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-verb-gdqjr2y5",
"links": [
[
"escort",
"escort#Verb"
],
[
"cringing",
"cringing#Adjective"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To bow or crouch to (someone) in servility; to escort (someone) in a cringing manner."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɹɪnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkʰɹʷɪnd͡ʒ]"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-cringe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-cringe.ogg/En-us-cringe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-cringe.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndʒ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Charles Reade",
"The Cloister and the Hearth",
"zero derivation"
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cringe de la cringe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "millennial cringe"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 1900",
"name": "circa2"
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{
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"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grenǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crengen",
"t": "to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crenche, crenchen, crenge, *crinchen, crinken",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*crenġan"
},
"expansion": "Old English *crenġan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krangijaną",
"t": "to cause to fall; to cause to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "causative"
},
"expansion": "causative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kringaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kringaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cringan",
"3": "crin(c)gan",
"t": "to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish"
},
"expansion": "Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grenǵʰ-",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "strong verb"
},
"expansion": "strong verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krænge",
"t": "to turn inside out, evert"
},
"expansion": "Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "krengen",
"t": "to careen, veer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kring",
"t": "circle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kring (“circle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crenge"
},
"expansion": "Scots crenge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kränga",
"t": "to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kringe",
"t": "to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crinkle",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of crinkle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”) [and other forms], from Old English *crenġan, *crenċġan, *crenċan (“to cause to fall or turn”) from Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”), causative of Proto-Germanic *kringaną, *krinkaną (“to fall; to turn; to yield”) (> Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)), from Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)). The causative suffix is from *-janą (suffix forming causatives with the sense ‘to cause to do (the action of the verb)’ from strong verbs). The English word is cognate with Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”), Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”) and Dutch kring (“circle”), Scots crenge, creenge, creinge, crienge (“to cringe; to shrug”), Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”), and West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”); and is a doublet of crinkle.\nThe noun and adjective are derived from the verb via zero derivation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "~"
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{
"parts": [
"cringe"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
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"text": "He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"A gesture or posture of cringing (recoiling or shrinking)."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-noun-hYWBdYxv",
"links": [
[
"gesture",
"gesture#Noun"
],
[
"posture",
"posture#Noun"
],
[
"cringing",
"cringe#Verb"
],
[
"recoiling",
"recoil#Verb"
],
[
"shrinking",
"shrink#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A gesture or posture of cringing (recoiling or shrinking)."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "säpsähdys"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "vavahdus"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "se faire tout petit"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ducken"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Erschaudern"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schaudern"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zusammenfahren"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zusammenzucken"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "hőkölés"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "meghátrál"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "összerezzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raggomitolamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 4 2 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sodroganije",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "содрогание"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An act or disposition of servile obeisance."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-noun-Nvkyg0~Z",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
],
[
"obeisance",
"obeisance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, figuratively) An act or disposition of servile obeisance."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A crick (“painful muscular cramp or spasm of some part of the body”)."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-noun-JWAsJxrJ",
"links": [
[
"crick",
"crick#English"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"muscular",
"muscular"
],
[
"cramp",
"cramp#Noun"
],
[
"spasm",
"spasm#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, UK, dialectal) A crick (“painful muscular cramp or spasm of some part of the body”)."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"countable",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 3 5 3 9 31 6 3 1 2 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 6 6 6 7 27 5 4 4 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 3 3 3 4 22 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 16 0 1 7 2 2 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 5 6 5 6 27 7 8 3 4 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 5 5 5 7 32 5 4 4 4 4 3",
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"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 6 7 7 8 27 5 4 4 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 6 5 5 7 29 5 5 4 5 6 3",
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"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 4 10 4 5 27 10 8 2 4 6 3",
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"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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},
{
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"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 5 5 5 7 32 5 4 4 4 4 3",
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"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "23 5 5 5 7 32 5 4 4 4 4 3",
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
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[
23,
29
]
],
"text": "Bro... you just posted cringe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"text": "There was so much cringe in that episode!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
82,
88
],
[
106,
112
]
],
"ref": "2022 January 15, Kaitlyn Tiffany, “How Did We Get So 'Cringe'?”, in Jeffrey Goldberg, editor, The Atlantic, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 10 May 2023:",
"text": "Soon, there were Instagram compilation accounts dedicated to collecting the worst cringe, with a focus on cringe created by not-quite-random people who were performing, and failing, for thousands of their peers on TikTok.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
90,
96
]
],
"ref": "2022 May 24, “A Novelist and an AI Cowrote Your Next Cringe-Read”, in Wired, San Francisco, Calif.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 May 2023:",
"text": "Los Angeles-based writer K. Allado-McDowell's new novel, Amor Cringe, is a love letter to cringe maximalism.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
68
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],
"ref": "2023 April 23, Taylor Lorenz, “'Am I Cringey? Yes. Do I Care? Absolutely Not'”, in Rolling Stone, New York, N.Y.: Penske Media Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 22 Jun 2023:",
"text": "Many young people are also reevaluating what once constituted cringe, attributing use of the term to unacknowledged bigotry more than just a rejection of sincerity. Some niche communities, such as furries, anime fans, and fetish groups, who were once mocked on social media, have since amassed cultural power that has launched them into the mainstream.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Things, particularly online content, which would cause an onlooker to cringe from secondhand embarrassment."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-noun-Q~ZUz85u",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"online",
"online#Adjective"
],
[
"content",
"content#Noun"
],
[
"onlooker",
"onlooker#Noun"
],
[
"secondhand embarrassment",
"secondhand embarrassment#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, slang, derogatory) Things, particularly online content, which would cause an onlooker to cringe from secondhand embarrassment."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"slang",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "krindž",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "криндж"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "fr",
"english": "anglicism",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"translation": "anglicism",
"word": "cringe"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fremdscham"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"word": "מבוכה יד שנייה"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obciach"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "żenada"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vergonha alheia"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "krinž",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"word": "кринж"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kukož",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"word": "кукож"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grima"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alipori"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cringe"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 92",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
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"expansion": "doublet of crinkle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”) [and other forms], from Old English *crenġan, *crenċġan, *crenċan (“to cause to fall or turn”) from Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”), causative of Proto-Germanic *kringaną, *krinkaną (“to fall; to turn; to yield”) (> Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)), from Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)). The causative suffix is from *-janą (suffix forming causatives with the sense ‘to cause to do (the action of the verb)’ from strong verbs). The English word is cognate with Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”), Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”) and Dutch kring (“circle”), Scots crenge, creenge, creinge, crienge (“to cringe; to shrug”), Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”), and West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”); and is a doublet of crinkle.\nThe noun and adjective are derived from the verb via zero derivation.",
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cringe"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Stated in response to something cringeworthy."
],
"id": "en-cringe-en-intj-zsBqBtb9",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"response",
"response#English"
],
[
"cringeworthy",
"cringeworthy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, derogatory) Stated in response to something cringeworthy."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɹɪnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkʰɹʷɪnd͡ʒ]"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-cringe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-cringe.ogg/En-us-cringe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-cringe.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndʒ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Charles Reade",
"The Cloister and the Hearth",
"zero derivation"
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"pred": "1"
},
"expansion": "cringe (used only predicatively, not comparable)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
36
]
],
"english": "The entire speech was totally cringe.",
"text": "De hele speech was echt ziek cringe.",
"translation": "The entire speech was totally cringe.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe, cringeworthy"
],
"id": "en-cringe-nl-adj-2sw2Krdq",
"links": [
[
"youth",
"youth"
],
[
"cringe",
"#English"
],
[
"cringeworthy",
"cringeworthy"
]
],
"qualifier": "youth slang",
"raw_glosses": [
"(youth slang) cringe, cringeworthy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tenenkrommend"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɪndʒ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndʒ"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "en:cringe"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"cringe\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mfbysense"
},
"expansion": "cringe m or f by sense (plural cringes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French masculine and feminine nouns by sense",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 50 0 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 50 0 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe"
],
"id": "en-cringe-fr-noun-gLKw34O1",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, Internet slang, colloquial) cringe"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"by-personal-gender",
"colloquial",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neologism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/kʁin(d)ʒ/"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "en:cringe"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"cringe\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cringe (plural cringes)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe"
],
"id": "en-cringe-fr-adj-gLKw34O1",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, Internet slang, colloquial) cringe"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"colloquial",
"neologism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "/kʁin(d)ʒ/"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "predonly"
},
"expansion": "cringe (indeclinable, predicative only)",
"name": "de-adj"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
98,
104
]
],
"english": "This book is not just a book, but also your best friend. Sounds a bit cringe, but it's the truth.",
"ref": "2020 November 12, Sinan Ilhan Dogru, Ich bin angekommen, BoD – Books on Demand, →ISBN, →OCLC, Dein bester Freund, page 23:",
"text": "Dieses Buch ist nicht nur ein Buch, sondern auch gleichzeitig dein bester Freund. Klingt bisschen cringe, ist aber trotzdem die Wahrheit.",
"translation": "This book is not just a book, but also your best friend. Sounds a bit cringe, but it's the truth.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe, cringeworthy"
],
"id": "en-cringe-de-adj-2sw2Krdq",
"links": [
[
"youth",
"youth"
],
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
],
[
"cringeworthy",
"cringeworthy"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly youth slang",
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, chiefly youth slang) cringe, cringeworthy"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "cringen"
},
{
"word": "Cringe"
}
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"neologism",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "De-cringe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/De-cringe.ogg/De-cringe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/De-cringe.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "cringe m (invariable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe"
],
"id": "en-cringe-it-noun-gLKw34O1",
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, slang) cringe"
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"masculine",
"neologism",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrind͡ʒ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-indʒ"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringissimo",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"inv": "1",
"sup": "cringissimo"
},
"expansion": "cringe (invariable, superlative cringissimo)",
"name": "it-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 3 3 3 4 22 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 16 0 1 7 2 2 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 2 2 2 3 25 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 21 0 1 8 1 1 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cringiata"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringy"
],
"id": "en-cringe-it-adj-wbZtT5xC",
"links": [
[
"cringy",
"cringy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, slang) cringy"
],
"tags": [
"invariable",
"neologism",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrind͡ʒ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-indʒ"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":ubor",
"3": "en:cringe",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#unadapted_borrowing|Unadapted borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"ubor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"cringe\">\nUnadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'ów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'owi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'om",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'em",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'ami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'ach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe'e",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krindż",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "cringe m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cringe"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cringe"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cringe",
"10": "cringe'ami",
"11": "cringe'u",
"12": "cringe'ach",
"13": "cringe'u",
"14": "cringe'e",
"2": "cringe'e",
"3": "cringe'u",
"4": "cringe'ów",
"5": "cringe'owi",
"6": "cringe'om",
"7": "cringe",
"8": "cringe'e",
"9": "cringe'em"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "pl:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe, cringeworthiness (awkwardness or embarrassment which causes an onlooker to cringe)"
],
"id": "en-cringe-pl-noun-413P8CvL",
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
],
[
"cringeworthiness",
"cringeworthiness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) cringe, cringeworthiness (awkwardness or embarrassment which causes an onlooker to cringe)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obciach"
},
{
"word": "przypał"
},
{
"word": "siara"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrint͡ʂ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-int͡ʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "krindż"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe in Portugal. Brazil has adapted the pronunciation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "cringe m (uncountable)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"crin",
"ge"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe (content that embarrasses onlookers)"
],
"id": "en-cringe-pt-noun-qUyH6VFQ",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Internet slang) cringe (content that embarrasses onlookers)"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾĩ.ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾĩd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ĩʒi"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -ĩdʒ"
},
{
"homophone": "(Brazil) crinje"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe in Portugal. Brazil has adapted the pronunciation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cringe m or f (plural cringes)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"crin",
"ge"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "crinjar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringeworthy"
],
"id": "en-cringe-pt-adj-ErdSvFmf",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"cringeworthy",
"cringeworthy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Internet slang) cringeworthy"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "vergonha alheia"
}
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾĩ.ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾĩd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ĩʒi"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -ĩdʒ"
},
{
"homophone": "(Brazil) crinje"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cringeul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "cringeului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cringeule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "cringe m (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gpd": "cringeilor",
"gpi": "cringei",
"gsd": "cringeului",
"gsi": "cringe",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "cringeii",
"npi": "cringei",
"nsd": "cringeul",
"nsi": "cringe",
"vp": "cringeilor",
"vs": "cringeule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe (something that is so awkward or embarrassing that it's almost unbearable to watch or experience)"
],
"id": "en-cringe-ro-noun-tHI85MVQ",
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism) cringe (something that is so awkward or embarrassing that it's almost unbearable to watch or experience)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neologism",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inv"
},
"expansion": "cringe m or f or n (indeclinable)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inv"
},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe (something that is so awkward or embarrassing that it's almost unbearable to watch or experience)"
],
"id": "en-cringe-ro-adj-tHI85MVQ",
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism) cringe (something that is so awkward or embarrassing that it's almost unbearable to watch or experience)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable",
"masculine",
"neologism",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:cringe",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"cringe\">\nBorrowed from English cringe.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "cringe m (plural cringe)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 50 0 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 50 0 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe"
],
"id": "en-cringe-es-noun-gLKw34O1",
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, slang) cringe"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neologism",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾint͡ʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾĩnʲt͡ʃ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-intʃ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾinxe/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾĩŋ.xe]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-inxe"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:cringe",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"cringe\">\nBorrowed from English cringe.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cringe m or f (masculine and feminine plural cringes)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe"
],
"id": "en-cringe-es-adj-gLKw34O1",
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, slang) cringe"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neologism",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾint͡ʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾĩnʲt͡ʃ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-intʃ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾinxe/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾĩŋ.xe]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-inxe"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Spanish Academy"
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "mer cringe",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "mest cringe",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "mer cringe",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "mest cringe",
"9": "indeclinable",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cringe (comparative mer cringe, superlative mest cringe, indeclinable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peri",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "cringe (comparative mer cringe, superlative mest cringe, indeclinable)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
36
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
36,
42
]
],
"english": "They thought English loanwords were cringe",
"text": "De tyckte engelska lånord var cringe",
"translation": "They thought English loanwords were cringe",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe"
],
"id": "en-cringe-sv-adj-gLKw34O1",
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) cringe"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "pinig"
},
{
"word": "pinsam"
},
{
"word": "sekundärskam"
},
{
"word": "skämskudde"
}
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"slang"
]
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"pred": "1"
},
"expansion": "cringe (used only predicatively, not comparable)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch predicative-only adjectives",
"Dutch slang",
"Dutch terms borrowed from English",
"Dutch terms derived from English",
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Dutch unadapted borrowings from English",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪndʒ",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪndʒ/1 syllable"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
35
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
30,
36
]
],
"english": "The entire speech was totally cringe.",
"text": "De hele speech was echt ziek cringe.",
"translation": "The entire speech was totally cringe.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe, cringeworthy"
],
"links": [
[
"youth",
"youth"
],
[
"cringe",
"#English"
],
[
"cringeworthy",
"cringeworthy"
]
],
"qualifier": "youth slang",
"raw_glosses": [
"(youth slang) cringe, cringeworthy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tenenkrommend"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"predicative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krɪndʒ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndʒ"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English internet slang",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *grenǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndʒ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cringe comedy"
},
{
"word": "cringe culture"
},
{
"word": "cringefest"
},
{
"word": "cringeful"
},
{
"word": "cringeling"
},
{
"word": "cringelord"
},
{
"word": "cringemaking"
},
{
"word": "cringe-making"
},
{
"tags": [
"Britain",
"colloquial"
],
"word": "cringe-makingly"
},
{
"word": "cringeometer"
},
{
"word": "cringe-o-meter"
},
{
"word": "cringer"
},
{
"word": "cringesome"
},
{
"word": "cringetastic"
},
{
"word": "cringeworthy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "cringing"
},
{
"word": "cringingly"
},
{
"word": "cringingness"
},
{
"word": "cringy"
},
{
"word": "cultural cringe"
},
{
"word": "do not kill the part of you that is cringe, kill the part of you that cringes"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1900",
"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 1900",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "From <span class=\"cited-source\">Charles Reade (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1861), chapter XXXIII, in <cite>The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages</cite>, illustrated library edition, volume II (The Autobiography of a Thief), Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Colonial Press Company, published c. 1900, <small>→OCLC</small>, illustration between pages 312 and 313</span></span>.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grenǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crengen",
"t": "to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crenche, crenchen, crenge, *crinchen, crinken",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*crenġan"
},
"expansion": "Old English *crenġan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krangijaną",
"t": "to cause to fall; to cause to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "causative"
},
"expansion": "causative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kringaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kringaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cringan",
"3": "crin(c)gan",
"t": "to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish"
},
"expansion": "Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grenǵʰ-",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "strong verb"
},
"expansion": "strong verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krænge",
"t": "to turn inside out, evert"
},
"expansion": "Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "krengen",
"t": "to careen, veer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kring",
"t": "circle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kring (“circle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crenge"
},
"expansion": "Scots crenge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kränga",
"t": "to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kringe",
"t": "to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crinkle",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of crinkle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”) [and other forms], from Old English *crenġan, *crenċġan, *crenċan (“to cause to fall or turn”) from Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”), causative of Proto-Germanic *kringaną, *krinkaną (“to fall; to turn; to yield”) (> Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)), from Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)). The causative suffix is from *-janą (suffix forming causatives with the sense ‘to cause to do (the action of the verb)’ from strong verbs). The English word is cognate with Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”), Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”) and Dutch kring (“circle”), Scots crenge, creenge, creinge, crienge (“to cringe; to shrug”), Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”), and West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”); and is a doublet of crinkle.\nThe noun and adjective are derived from the verb via zero derivation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cringing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "glossary",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringedst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cringeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cringing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cringed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crinch",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cringe (third-person singular simple present cringes, present participle cringing, simple past and past participle cringed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cringe"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "crouch"
},
{
"word": "wince"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
10
]
],
"text": "He cringed as the bird collided with the window.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
100,
106
]
],
"ref": "1684, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress. From This World to That which is to Come: The Second Part. […], London: […] Nathaniel Ponder […], →OCLC; reprinted in The Pilgrim’s Progress as Originally Published by John Bunyan: Being a Fac-simile Reproduction of the First Edition, London: Elliot Stock […], 1875, →OCLC, page 69:",
"text": "[W]hen they were come up to the place where the Lions were, the Boys that went before, were glad to cringe behind, for they were afraid of the Lions, ſo they ſtept back and went behind.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
162,
169
]
],
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “A Bosom Friend”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 55:",
"text": "And besides all this, there was a certain lofty bearing about the Pagan, which even his uncouthness could not altogether maim. He looked like a man who had never cringed and never had had a creditor.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
117,
125
],
[
141,
149
]
],
"ref": "1860, [John B. Newman], “The Combat”, in Wa-Wa-Wanda: A Legend of Old Orange, New York, N.Y.: Rudd & Carleton, […], →OCLC, page 28:",
"text": "Here the angel ceased, and frowning, / Hurled his heavy gauntlet at him; / Hurled, as best he could, the creature, / Cringing as the Serpent cringeth, / Coiled, and with his crest uplifted; / And then prone upon his belly, / Crawled away upon his belly, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
59,
65
]
],
"ref": "1917 April, Jack London, chapter VIII, in Jerry of the Islands, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 115:",
"text": "But he [Jerry, a dog] made no whimper. Nor did he wince or cringe to the blows. He bored straight in, striving, without avoiding a blow, to beat and meet the blow with his teeth.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
101,
108
]
],
"ref": "2017 March 28, Owen Jones, “The bigots are on the march – and with 'Legs-it' the Daily Mail bears the flag”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 01 Dec 2022:",
"text": "Perhaps the Daily Mail should be sued for damaging people's health? Across the nation, millions have cringed so hard at its audaciously sexist front page that they've strained their face muscles, or given themselves a migraine from slamming their heads repeatedly against the nearest wall.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cower, flinch, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear."
],
"links": [
[
"cower",
"cower"
],
[
"flinch",
"flinch#Verb"
],
[
"recoil",
"recoil#Verb"
],
[
"shrink",
"shrink"
],
[
"tense",
"tense"
],
[
"disgust",
"disgust#Noun"
],
[
"embarrassment",
"embarrassment"
],
[
"fear",
"fear#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To cower, flinch, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
12
]
],
"ref": "2014 January 29, Matt Peckham, “8 Minutes of Ridiculously Beautiful The Elder Scrolls Online Cinematic Footage”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 16 Aug 2022:",
"text": "I'm cringing watching this easily Blizzard- or Square Enix-worthy new trailer for Bethesda's The Elder Scrolls Online. Not because it's bad — it's a deftly rendered slice of CGI. But it must have cost a fortune. It makes me want to say \"Spend the money on knocking the game out of the park, please, not the frippery, Bethesda.\" But oh what frippery.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear; (by extension) to feel very embarrassed."
],
"links": [
[
"experience",
"experience#Verb"
],
[
"inward",
"inward"
],
[
"feeling",
"feeling#Noun"
],
[
"feel",
"feel#Verb"
],
[
"embarrassed",
"embarrassed#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) To experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear; (by extension) to feel very embarrassed."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
197,
203
]
],
"ref": "1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Loue of Learning; or Ouer-much Study. With a Digression of the Misery of Schollers, and Why the Muses are Melancholy.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 2, member 3, subsection 15, page 113:",
"text": "[I]f they keepe their wits, yet they are accompted fooles by reaſon of their carriage, becauſe they cannot ride a horſe, which euery Clowne can doe; ſalute and court a Gentlewoman, carue at table, cringe and make congies, which euery common ſwaſher can doe, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
103,
110
]
],
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 958–961:",
"text": "And thou ſly hypocrite, who now wouldſt ſeem / Patron of liberty, who more then thou / Once fawn'd,and cring'd, and ſervilly ador'd / Heav'ns awful Monarch?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
45,
53
]
],
"ref": "1846, Thomas Cooper, “To the Countess of Blessington”, in The Baron’s Yule Feast: A Christmas-rhyme, London: Jeremiah How, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Lady, receive a tributary lay / From one who cringeth not to titled state / Conventional, and lacking will to prate / Of comeliness— [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"ref": "1891, Edgar Fawcett, “How a Queen Loved”, in Songs of Doubt and Dream: (Poems), New York, N.Y.; Toronto, Ont.: Funk & Wagnalls, →OCLC, stanza I, page 155:",
"text": "Humbly thou cringest that with nod of head / Couldst fling me seaward from they steepest cliffs!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
88,
94
]
],
"ref": "1902, Jack London, “Bâtard”, in The Faith of Men and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., published September 1904, →OCLC, page 207:",
"text": "Leclère was bent on the coming of the day when Bâtard [a dog] should wilt in spirit and cringe and whimper at his feet.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
57,
63
]
],
"ref": "1903 April 18, W[illiam] E[dward] Burghardt Du Bois, “Of Alexander Crummell”, in The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., →OCLC, page 219:",
"text": "He heard the hateful clank of their chains; he felt them cringe and grovel, and there rose within him a protest and a prophecy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bow or crouch in servility."
],
"links": [
[
"bow",
"bow#Verb"
],
[
"crouch",
"crouch#Verb"
],
[
"servility",
"servility"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To bow or crouch in servility."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
101,
109
]
],
"ref": "1782, John Brown, “The Christian Journal of a Summer-day”, in The Christian Journal; or, Common Incidents, Spiritual Instructors. […], 4th edition, Edinburgh: […] Gavin Alston; [s]old by William Coke, […], →OCLC, page 119:",
"text": "Here the beggar accoſts me; had I appeared as himſelf, he had aſked nothing: but now he uncovers, he cringeth, he cries for relief.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
100,
106
]
],
"ref": "1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XI, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 105:",
"text": "Their [the clergy's] chief business, during a quarter of a century, had been to teach the people to cringe and the prince to domineer.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
185,
193
]
],
"ref": "1880 June 23, Richard F[rancis] Burton, “The Ethnology of Modern Midian”, in Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature of the United Kingdom, volume XII (Second Series), London: John Murray, […]; Trübner and Co., […], published 1882, →OCLC, part I (Notices of the Tribes of Midian, …), page 286:",
"text": "Even to the present day the Arabs consider treating a Hutaymi as unmanly as to strike a woman. When a Felláh says to another, \"Tat'hattim\" (= Tat'maskin, or Tat'zallí), he means, \"Thou cringest, thou makest thyself contemptible (as a Hutaymi).\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To act in an obsequious or servile manner."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Verb"
],
[
"obsequious",
"obsequious"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) To act in an obsequious or servile manner."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
44,
52
]
],
"ref": "1599, [Thomas] Nashe, Nashes Lenten Stuffe, […], London: […] [Thomas Judson and Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and C[uthbert] B[urby] […], →OCLC, page 10:",
"text": "[H]ow thriue you, howe periſh you, and they cringing in their neckes, like rattes, ſmothered in the holde, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
56
]
],
"ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene xiii], page 357, column 2:",
"text": "Whip him Fellowes, / Till like a Boy you ſee him crindge his face, / And whine aloud for mercy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To draw (a body part) close to the body; also, to distort or wrinkle (the face, etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"draw",
"draw#Verb"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"close",
"close#Adjective"
],
[
"distort",
"distort"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle#Verb"
],
[
"face",
"face#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To draw (a body part) close to the body; also, to distort or wrinkle (the face, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To bow or crouch to (someone) in servility; to escort (someone) in a cringing manner."
],
"links": [
[
"escort",
"escort#Verb"
],
[
"cringing",
"cringing#Adjective"
],
[
"manner",
"manner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To bow or crouch to (someone) in servility; to escort (someone) in a cringing manner."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɹɪnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkʰɹʷɪnd͡ʒ]"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-cringe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-cringe.ogg/En-us-cringe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-cringe.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndʒ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "svivam se",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "свивам се"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "wèisuō",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "畏縮 /畏缩"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "schoulit se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "ineenkrimpen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "kavahtaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "säpsähtää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "grincer des dents"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "engoumar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "zusammenzucken"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "megrezzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "megriad"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "visszahőköl"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "megborzong"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "beleborzong"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "hrylla við"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "fá kjánahroll"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "cúb"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "raggomitolarsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "rannicchiarsi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "raggricciare"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "ringis"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "hūiki"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "maopo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "whakamaoko"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "whakaririka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "encolher-se"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "otprjánutʹ",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "отпря́нуть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sodrognútʹsja",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "содрогну́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sʺjóživatʹsja",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "съёживаться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sʺjóžitʹsja",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "съёжиться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "jóžitʹsja",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ёжиться"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "affruntàrisi"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "ncunucchiàrisi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "rycka till"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"roman": "pusmak",
"sense": "to cower, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "پوصمق"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "əti tökülmək"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sramuvam se",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"hypernym",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "срамувам се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "sramja se",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"hypernym",
"perfective"
],
"word": "срамя се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "krindžvam",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "кринджвам"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "ŝrumpaĵo"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "gêner"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "szégyenkezik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "elfogja a szégyen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "feszeng"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "kínosan érzi magát"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "zavarba jön"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "zavarban van"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "fá kjánahroll"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"word": "ribrezzare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sʺjóživatʹsja",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "съёживаться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sʺjóžitʹsja",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "съёжиться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"note": "darse cringe/alipori/grima/“vergüenza ajena”",
"sense": "to experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to bow or crouch in servility",
"word": "összekuporodik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to bow or crouch in servility",
"word": "kuporog"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to bow or crouch in servility",
"word": "lapul"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to bow or crouch in servility",
"word": "kushad"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "rabolepniča",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "раболепнича"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "megalázkodik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "hajlong"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "hajbókol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "meghunyászkodik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to act in an obsequious or servile manner",
"word": "csúszik-mászik"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Charles Reade",
"The Cloister and the Hearth",
"zero derivation"
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English internet slang",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *grenǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndʒ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cringe de la cringe"
},
{
"word": "millennial cringe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1900",
"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 1900",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "From <span class=\"cited-source\">Charles Reade (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1861), chapter XXXIII, in <cite>The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages</cite>, illustrated library edition, volume II (The Autobiography of a Thief), Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Colonial Press Company, published c. 1900, <small>→OCLC</small>, illustration between pages 312 and 313</span></span>.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grenǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crengen",
"t": "to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crenche, crenchen, crenge, *crinchen, crinken",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*crenġan"
},
"expansion": "Old English *crenġan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krangijaną",
"t": "to cause to fall; to cause to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "causative"
},
"expansion": "causative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kringaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kringaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cringan",
"3": "crin(c)gan",
"t": "to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish"
},
"expansion": "Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grenǵʰ-",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "strong verb"
},
"expansion": "strong verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krænge",
"t": "to turn inside out, evert"
},
"expansion": "Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "krengen",
"t": "to careen, veer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kring",
"t": "circle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kring (“circle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crenge"
},
"expansion": "Scots crenge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kränga",
"t": "to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kringe",
"t": "to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crinkle",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of crinkle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”) [and other forms], from Old English *crenġan, *crenċġan, *crenċan (“to cause to fall or turn”) from Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”), causative of Proto-Germanic *kringaną, *krinkaną (“to fall; to turn; to yield”) (> Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)), from Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)). The causative suffix is from *-janą (suffix forming causatives with the sense ‘to cause to do (the action of the verb)’ from strong verbs). The English word is cognate with Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”), Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”) and Dutch kring (“circle”), Scots crenge, creenge, creinge, crienge (“to cringe; to shrug”), Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”), and West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”); and is a doublet of crinkle.\nThe noun and adjective are derived from the verb via zero derivation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "cringe (countable and uncountable, plural cringes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cringe"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"text": "He glanced with a cringe at the mess on his desk.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gesture or posture of cringing (recoiling or shrinking)."
],
"links": [
[
"gesture",
"gesture#Noun"
],
[
"posture",
"posture#Noun"
],
[
"cringing",
"cringe#Verb"
],
[
"recoiling",
"recoil#Verb"
],
[
"shrinking",
"shrink#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A gesture or posture of cringing (recoiling or shrinking)."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"An act or disposition of servile obeisance."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act#Noun"
],
[
"disposition",
"disposition"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
],
[
"obeisance",
"obeisance"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, figuratively) An act or disposition of servile obeisance."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English countable nouns",
"English dialectal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A crick (“painful muscular cramp or spasm of some part of the body”)."
],
"links": [
[
"crick",
"crick#English"
],
[
"painful",
"painful"
],
[
"muscular",
"muscular"
],
[
"cramp",
"cramp#Noun"
],
[
"spasm",
"spasm#Noun"
],
[
"part",
"part#Noun"
],
[
"body",
"body"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, UK, dialectal) A crick (“painful muscular cramp or spasm of some part of the body”)."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"countable",
"dialectal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
23,
29
]
],
"text": "Bro... you just posted cringe",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
24
]
],
"text": "There was so much cringe in that episode!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
82,
88
],
[
106,
112
]
],
"ref": "2022 January 15, Kaitlyn Tiffany, “How Did We Get So 'Cringe'?”, in Jeffrey Goldberg, editor, The Atlantic, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 10 May 2023:",
"text": "Soon, there were Instagram compilation accounts dedicated to collecting the worst cringe, with a focus on cringe created by not-quite-random people who were performing, and failing, for thousands of their peers on TikTok.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
90,
96
]
],
"ref": "2022 May 24, “A Novelist and an AI Cowrote Your Next Cringe-Read”, in Wired, San Francisco, Calif.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 May 2023:",
"text": "Los Angeles-based writer K. Allado-McDowell's new novel, Amor Cringe, is a love letter to cringe maximalism.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
62,
68
]
],
"ref": "2023 April 23, Taylor Lorenz, “'Am I Cringey? Yes. Do I Care? Absolutely Not'”, in Rolling Stone, New York, N.Y.: Penske Media Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 22 Jun 2023:",
"text": "Many young people are also reevaluating what once constituted cringe, attributing use of the term to unacknowledged bigotry more than just a rejection of sincerity. Some niche communities, such as furries, anime fans, and fetish groups, who were once mocked on social media, have since amassed cultural power that has launched them into the mainstream.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Things, particularly online content, which would cause an onlooker to cringe from secondhand embarrassment."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"online",
"online#Adjective"
],
[
"content",
"content#Noun"
],
[
"onlooker",
"onlooker#Noun"
],
[
"secondhand embarrassment",
"secondhand embarrassment#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, slang, derogatory) Things, particularly online content, which would cause an onlooker to cringe from secondhand embarrassment."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɹɪnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkʰɹʷɪnd͡ʒ]"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-cringe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-cringe.ogg/En-us-cringe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-cringe.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndʒ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "säpsähdys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "vavahdus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "se faire tout petit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Ducken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Erschaudern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schaudern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zusammenfahren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zusammenzucken"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "hőkölés"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "meghátrál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"word": "összerezzen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raggomitolamento"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sodroganije",
"sense": "gesture or posture of cringing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "содрогание"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "krindž",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "криндж"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"english": "anglicism",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"translation": "anglicism",
"word": "cringe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fremdscham"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"word": "מבוכה יד שנייה"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obciach"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "żenada"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vergonha alheia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "krinž",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"word": "кринж"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kukož",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"word": "кукож"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grima"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "alipori"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cringe"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lache"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"lang_code": "ta",
"roman": "kiriñcu",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"word": "கிரிஞ்சு"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "krinž",
"sense": "secondhand embarrassment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "крінж"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Charles Reade",
"The Cloister and the Hearth",
"zero derivation"
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English internet slang",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *grenǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndʒ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1900",
"short": "1"
},
"expansion": "c. 1900",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "From <span class=\"cited-source\">Charles Reade (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1861), chapter XXXIII, in <cite>The Cloister and the Hearth: A Tale of the Middle Ages</cite>, illustrated library edition, volume II (The Autobiography of a Thief), Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Colonial Press Company, published c. 1900, <small>→OCLC</small>, illustration between pages 312 and 313</span></span>.",
"group": "n",
"name": "n1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grenǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "crengen",
"t": "to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend"
},
"expansion": "Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crenche, crenchen, crenge, *crinchen, crinken",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*crenġan"
},
"expansion": "Old English *crenġan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krangijaną",
"t": "to cause to fall; to cause to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "causative"
},
"expansion": "causative",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kringaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kringaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cringan",
"3": "crin(c)gan",
"t": "to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish"
},
"expansion": "Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grenǵʰ-",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "strong verb"
},
"expansion": "strong verb",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krænge",
"t": "to turn inside out, evert"
},
"expansion": "Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "krengen",
"t": "to careen, veer"
},
"expansion": "Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kring",
"t": "circle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kring (“circle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "crenge"
},
"expansion": "Scots crenge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kränga",
"t": "to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kringe",
"t": "to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crinkle",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of crinkle",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The verb is derived from Middle English crengen (“to bend in a haughty manner; to condescend”) [and other forms], from Old English *crenġan, *crenċġan, *crenċan (“to cause to fall or turn”) from Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall; to cause to turn”), causative of Proto-Germanic *kringaną, *krinkaną (“to fall; to turn; to yield”) (> Old English crin(c)gan (“to yield; to cringe; to fall; to die, perish”)), from Proto-Indo-European *grenǵʰ- (“to turn”)). The causative suffix is from *-janą (suffix forming causatives with the sense ‘to cause to do (the action of the verb)’ from strong verbs). The English word is cognate with Danish krænge (“to turn inside out, evert”), Dutch krengen (“to careen, veer”) and Dutch kring (“circle”), Scots crenge, creenge, creinge, crienge (“to cringe; to shrug”), Swedish kränga (“to careen; to heel, lurch; to toss”), and West Frisian kringe (“to pinch; to poke; to push; to insist, urge”); and is a doublet of crinkle.\nThe noun and adjective are derived from the verb via zero derivation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more cringe",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most cringe",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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"parts": [
"cringe"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
69
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],
"text": "Brands trying to appeal to young people with memes is the most cringe thing ever.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
177,
183
],
[
221,
227
]
],
"ref": "2022 May 24, Kate Knibbs, quoting Taylor Swift, “A Novelist and an AI Cowrote Your Next Cringe-Read”, in Wired, →ISSN, archived from the original on 19 May 2023:",
"text": "Last week, while giving a commencement speech to New York University graduates, pop star Taylor Swift offered a timely bit of advice: “No matter how hard you try to avoid being cringe, you will look back on your life and cringe retrospectively. Cringe is unavoidable over a lifetime.”",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
127,
133
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],
"ref": "2022 July 5, Darshita Goyal, “What's The Deal With Baby Talk In Relationships?”, in Refinery29, archived from the original on 09 Sep 2023:",
"text": "No matter which side you stand on within a relationship, most people agree that couples participating in baby talk publicly is cringe to say the least.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
74,
80
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],
"ref": "2022 November 30, Kate Lindsay, “Instagram Is Over”, in Jeffrey Goldberg, editor, The Atlantic, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 18 Jun 2023:",
"text": "Instagram may not be on its deathbed, but its transformation from cool to cringe is a sea change in the social-media universe.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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65,
71
],
[
86,
92
]
],
"ref": "2023 January 20, Laura Pitcher, “Why Is AI Art So Cringe?”, in VICE, archived from the original on 02 May 2023:",
"text": "We may have to face the fact that the current state of AI art is cringe because we're cringe. Really, we're no better than the unimaginative and self-obsessed people from the history books that commissioned bad portraiture.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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21
],
[
133,
139
]
],
"ref": "2024 June 19, Folding Ideas [pseudonym; Dan Olson], 1:08:22 from the start, in I Don't Know James Rolfe, via YouTube:",
"text": "It's all kinda cringe, a truly elemental example of pretentious, self-important film-school pap, but whatever, let he who is without cringe throw the first stone.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of cringeworthy or uncool, inducing awkwardness or secondhand embarrassment."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"cringeworthy",
"cringeworthy#English"
],
[
"uncool",
"uncool#English"
],
[
"inducing",
"inducing"
],
[
"awkwardness",
"awkwardness#Noun"
],
[
"secondhand embarrassment",
"secondhand embarrassment"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, derogatory) Synonym of cringeworthy or uncool, inducing awkwardness or secondhand embarrassment."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "cringeworthy or uncool"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "inducing awkwardness or secondhand embarrassment"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɹɪnd͡ʒ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkʰɹʷɪnd͡ʒ]"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-cringe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-cringe.ogg/En-us-cringe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-cringe.ogg",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪndʒ"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Charles Reade",
"The Cloister and the Hearth",
"zero derivation"
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English internet slang",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *grenǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndʒ",
"Rhymes:English/ɪndʒ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "krinj",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "كْرِنْج"
},
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kʻrinǰ",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "քրինջ"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "krynž",
"word": "крынж"
},
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kryndž",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "крындж"
},
{
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "krinjo",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "ক্রিঞ্জ"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "krindž",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "криндж"
},
{
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "krinǯ",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "ქრინჯ"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cringe"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "Cringe"
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "krintz",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "κριντζ"
},
{
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "krinj",
"word": "קרינג׳"
},
{
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "krinch",
"word": "קרינצ׳"
},
{
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "krinch",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "קרינץ׳"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "cringe"
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kurinji",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "クリンジ"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "krindžas"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cringe"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "krindż"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "cringe"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "cringe"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "krinž",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "кринж"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "krindž"
},
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "кринџ"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
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"type": "quotation"
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}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish slang",
"Polish terms borrowed from English",
"Polish terms derived from English",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Polish unadapted borrowings from English",
"Rhymes:Polish/int͡ʂ",
"Rhymes:Polish/int͡ʂ/1 syllable",
"pl:Emotions"
],
"glosses": [
"cringe, cringeworthiness (awkwardness or embarrassment which causes an onlooker to cringe)"
],
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
],
[
"cringeworthiness",
"cringeworthiness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) cringe, cringeworthiness (awkwardness or embarrassment which causes an onlooker to cringe)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obciach"
},
{
"word": "przypał"
},
{
"word": "siara"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkrint͡ʂ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-int͡ʂ"
},
{
"homophone": "krindż"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 1-syllable words",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese adjectives",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese epicene adjectives",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from English",
"Portuguese terms derived from English",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese terms with homophones",
"Portuguese unadapted borrowings from English",
"Portuguese uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ĩdʒ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ĩdʒ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ĩʒi",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ĩʒi/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe in Portugal. Brazil has adapted the pronunciation.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "cringe m (uncountable)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"crin",
"ge"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese internet slang"
],
"glosses": [
"cringe (content that embarrasses onlookers)"
],
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Internet slang) cringe (content that embarrasses onlookers)"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾĩ.ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾĩd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ĩʒi"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -ĩdʒ"
},
{
"homophone": "(Brazil) crinje"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 1-syllable words",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese adjectives",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese epicene adjectives",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from English",
"Portuguese terms derived from English",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese terms with homophones",
"Portuguese unadapted borrowings from English",
"Portuguese uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ĩdʒ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ĩdʒ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ĩʒi",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/ĩʒi/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "crinjar"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe in Portugal. Brazil has adapted the pronunciation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cringe m or f (plural cringes)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"crin",
"ge"
]
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "vergonha alheia"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese internet slang"
],
"glosses": [
"cringeworthy"
],
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"cringeworthy",
"cringeworthy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Internet slang) cringeworthy"
],
"tags": [
"Internet",
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾĩ.ʒi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾĩd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Brazil) -ĩʒi"
},
{
"rhymes": "(Portugal) -ĩdʒ"
},
{
"homophone": "(Brazil) crinje"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian indeclinable adjectives",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from English",
"Romanian terms derived from English",
"Romanian unadapted borrowings from English",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cringeul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite"
]
},
{
"form": "cringeului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cringeule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "cringe m (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gpd": "cringeilor",
"gpi": "cringei",
"gsd": "cringeului",
"gsi": "cringe",
"n": "sg",
"npd": "cringeii",
"npi": "cringei",
"nsd": "cringeul",
"nsi": "cringe",
"vp": "cringeilor",
"vs": "cringeule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun-single"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian neologisms"
],
"glosses": [
"cringe (something that is so awkward or embarrassing that it's almost unbearable to watch or experience)"
],
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism) cringe (something that is so awkward or embarrassing that it's almost unbearable to watch or experience)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neologism",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian indeclinable adjectives",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from English",
"Romanian terms derived from English",
"Romanian unadapted borrowings from English",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "en",
"3": "cringe"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe",
"name": "ubor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cringe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inv"
},
"expansion": "cringe m or f or n (indeclinable)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inv"
},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian neologisms"
],
"glosses": [
"cringe (something that is so awkward or embarrassing that it's almost unbearable to watch or experience)"
],
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism) cringe (something that is so awkward or embarrassing that it's almost unbearable to watch or experience)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indeclinable",
"masculine",
"neologism",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/intʃ",
"Rhymes:Spanish/intʃ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Spanish/inxe",
"Rhymes:Spanish/inxe/2 syllables",
"Spanish 1-syllable words",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish epicene adjectives",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from English",
"Spanish terms derived from English",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:cringe",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"cringe\">\nBorrowed from English cringe.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#"
},
"expansion": "cringe m (plural cringe)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Spanish neologisms",
"Spanish slang"
],
"glosses": [
"cringe"
],
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, slang) cringe"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neologism",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾint͡ʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾĩnʲt͡ʃ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-intʃ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾinxe/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾĩŋ.xe]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-inxe"
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Spanish/intʃ",
"Rhymes:Spanish/intʃ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:Spanish/inxe",
"Rhymes:Spanish/inxe/2 syllables",
"Spanish 1-syllable words",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Spanish entries with etymology texts",
"Spanish entries with etymon",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish epicene adjectives",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from English",
"Spanish terms derived from English",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "en:cringe",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Spanish\", \"term\" : \"cringe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"es\" }\" data-lang=\"es\" data-title=\"cringe\">\nBorrowed from English cringe.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English cringe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cringes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cringe m or f (masculine and feminine plural cringes)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Spanish neologisms",
"Spanish slang"
],
"glosses": [
"cringe"
],
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism, slang) cringe"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neologism",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾint͡ʃ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾĩnʲt͡ʃ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-intʃ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɾinxe/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɾĩŋ.xe]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-inxe"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Spanish Academy"
],
"word": "cringe"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "mer cringe",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "mest cringe",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "comparative",
"6": "mer cringe",
"7": "superlative",
"8": "mest cringe",
"9": "indeclinable",
"f2accel-form": "comparative",
"f3accel-form": "superlative",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "cringe (comparative mer cringe, superlative mest cringe, indeclinable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "peri",
"indecl": "1"
},
"expansion": "cringe (comparative mer cringe, superlative mest cringe, indeclinable)",
"name": "sv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "pinig"
},
{
"word": "pinsam"
},
{
"word": "sekundärskam"
},
{
"word": "skämskudde"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish adjectives",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish indeclinable adjectives",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish slang",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
36
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
36,
42
]
],
"english": "They thought English loanwords were cringe",
"text": "De tyckte engelska lånord var cringe",
"translation": "They thought English loanwords were cringe",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cringe"
],
"links": [
[
"cringe",
"cringe#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) cringe"
],
"tags": [
"indeclinable",
"slang"
]
}
],
"word": "cringe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cringe meaning in All languages combined (89.8kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"cringe"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cringe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"cringe"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cringe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"cringe"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cringe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"cringe"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "cringe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"cringe"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "cringe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"cringe"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "cringe",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"cringe"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "cringe",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.